This page represents the following TreeOfLife-200M taxonomic path.[1]
Based on observations of museum specimens, Anastrepha acris exhibits the characteristic morphology of the genus Anastrepha[1]. The specimens display the typical tephritid body plan, including a distinct, rounded head with prominent compound eyes and a robust thorax. The wings are patterned with characteristic dark, brownish bands, which are diagnostic features often used in the identification of Anastrepha species[1].
Anastrepha acris is a monophagous fruit fly known for its ability to infest the highly toxic fruit of the Manchineel tree (Hippomane mancinella), a plant species recognized as one of the most toxic fruits globally[2].
Research into the larval resistance mechanisms of A. acris against H. mancinella toxins has identified both structural and metabolic adaptations. Structurally, the larvae activate the biosynthesis of cuticle proteins, particularly chitin-binding proteins, which are thought to decrease intestinal permeability to toxic compounds. Metabolically, the species utilizes serine proteases and activates xenobiotic metabolism pathways, including glutathione-S-transferases and cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase.